Editor-in-Chief Lecture
Author
International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, IRAN
Abstract
Why should the general public receive scientific pre-earthquake warnings directly? Is it useful to receive early warning of an earthquake and to promote public access to this type of scientific information? The primary concern around the world is that if the warning of an earthquake that strikes in a matter of seconds is given directly to the public, the damage caused by the general turmoil will go far beyond the damage caused by the earthquake itself. Is that in many countries the first step is to go for automatic early warning only for sensitive devices and infrastructure (such as the gas network), as they did in Istanbul, Turkey; But we see that in Japan, Taiwan and now California, they are giving warnings to the public. Earthquake pre-earthquake warning systems allow people to take precautionary measures, if possible, that benefit their own health, infrastructure and safety of life. With the development of earthquake early warning, there is an increasing need to understand the potential effects of earthquake early warning on society. In addition to the general public, public access to earthquake early warning is important in various sectors, including municipal services, infrastructure, emergency management, health and education, benefits for life and health safety, and reduction of casualties and psychological preparedness. Of course, in places around the world where pre-earthquake warning has become public, there are challenges in introducing and using pre-earthquake warning, such as users' trust in the earthquake pre-warning system, and the threshold level for sending pre-earthquake warning content and content as possible. Leads to appropriate or inappropriate actions by individuals. Research on earthquake early warning is advancing rapidly internationally, and future research should consider the benefits and social challenges of earthquake early warning when developing useful applications and applications. From August 22, 1999 in the state of California, a smartphone running on the Android operating system will join the earthquake warning system. Virtually every smartphone becomes a seismograph to take on the task of notifying the arrival of a devastating earthquake wave as an early and automatic warning. This was the result of a project that in the last decade was based primarily on the use of smart and portable personal computers (laptops) and gradually on the basis of smartphones in the state of California. Scientific work at the US Geological Survey is carried out in collaboration with Stanford and Berkeley Universities and implemented in knowledge-based companies based in Silicon Valley. In the early months of 2015, Obama agreed to spend $ 5 billion on the same project to make the "citizen-seismograph" dream a reality. Now, as one of the most important outputs of this scientific program, in one of the knowledge-based companies affiliated with Berkeley University, the "My-Chic" widget (application) has been produced in the Android system and in the Google environment. Act as a seismograph. As soon as the first vibrations from the earthquake occur, the sensor of these smartphones and mobile phones receives them and sends them to the main data collection and processing center for processing. The location of each phone is recorded and reported through the Global Positioning System - GPS. With the large amount of data received in the data processing center, if it is confirmed that an earthquake has occurred, an alert will be sent to the mobile phones of all people in the area around the epicenter, informing them of the earthquake immediately and the impending secondary and destructive wave. They can take refuge. This shelter involves the simple three-step "sit down, cover yourself, and hold the table firmly." With the implementation of this plan, the damages and losses caused by earthquakes are expected to be greatly reduced. It should be noted that this system only reports the occurrence of earthquakes larger than 4.5 that can cause damage and currently only in the state of California, but it is planned to make this system global. California thus becomes the third largest region in the world, after Japan and Taiwan, to provide direct earthquake warning to the public. The use of intelligent systems requires access to organized data. We in Iran ourselves have been trying for about 10 years now to set up an early warning system. As expected (!) Our progress has been very slow. If faults near Tehran are activated, we will have a short time - in the range of several seconds to 10 seconds - to provide an alert for the activation of urban safety systems, the launch of early warning systems and rapid response in Tehran is therefore useful. These early warning systems have been set up in some countries, such as Japan, nationally since 2007 (after a seven-year study and implementation program) and Taiwan (since 2013) by issuing alerts to all people. In some developing countries, this is done for the safety of sensitive systems such as the gas and metro network (and not for citizens), such as Turkey (for Istanbul) with 240 stations (now expanded to 450 stations), Romania (About 110 stations) and since 1990 in Mexico City, earthquakes have been a major threat to urban areas located in earthquake-prone areas, and the establishment of early warning systems is a good approach to reduce casualties and financial losses in such areas. Earthquake warning is not an earthquake prediction, it is practically from
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