Introduction: In recent decades, formal science and technology cooperation networks have emerged as a pivotal tool for innovation and sustainable development.
Objective: Given the significance of the subject, identifying and classifying the drivers and risks of sustainability in formal science and technology cooperation networks is imperative. This not only contributes to a better understanding of the factors contributing to the success or failure of these networks
Methodology: This research employed a quantitative strategy using a multiple case study method. The case studies involved formal cooperation networks in biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular medicine, and medicinal plants, which were purposefully selected. Data was collected through a literature review and a questionnaire (comprising 27 questions across six dimensions). For data analysis, the binomial test using SPSS software and quantitative analysis using Excel were employed. The study population consisted of managers of member centers in the five studied networks, with a total of 112 individuals from 83 member centers completing the questionnaires.
Findings: The results of this study indicate that factors related to the dimensions of "networked cooperation infrastructure in the country," "characteristics of the country's science and technology space," and "network cooperation mechanisms" were classified as weak drivers, while "management characteristics" were categorized as strong drivers. Additionally, opportunistic behaviors among network members were identified as the most critical acute risk in formal science and technology cooperation networks in Iran.
Conclusions: These drivers can contribute to the sustainability and longevity of the network by strengthening collaborations and increasing synergy among network members. On the other hand, risks such as political and economic fluctuations, technological changes, managerial and cultural challenges, and lack of coordination among network members can hinder the achievement of desired goals and even lead to the collapse of cooperation networks.