ارزیابی انتقادی مدل‌های درک عمومی از علم استفاده از تمرین برای آگاهی از نظریه‌ها

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (2003). Featured projects: Science + Literacy for Health; The Human Genome Project. Retrieved April 10, 2003, from http://ehrweb.aaas.org/ehr/3_1_0.html.
Arbitron. (2005). Ethnic time spent listening. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from www.Arbitron.com/advertisers/home.htm.
Babbie, E. (2001). The practice of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Baker, C. (1995). The brain book: Your brain and your health. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Baker, C. (1997). Your genes, your choices: Exploring the issues raised by genetic research. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Bransford, J., Brown, A. L., National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, Cocking, R. R., & National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school (expanded ed.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Brossard, D., Kim, E., Scheufele, D. A., & Lewenstein, B. V. (2008). Religiosity as a perceptual filter: Examining processes of opinion formation about nanotechnology. Public Understanding of Science. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from http://pus.sagepub.com/cgi/rapidpdf/0963662507087304v2.pdf.
Brossard, D., & Shanahan, J. (2003). Do citizens want to have their say? Media, agricultural biotechnology, and authoritarian views of democratic processes in science. Mass Communication and Society, 3(6), 291–312.
Brossard, D., & Shanahan, J. (2006). Do they know what they read? Building a scientific literacy measurement instrument based on science media coverage. Science Communication, 28, 47–63.
Burawoy, M., Burton, A., Ferguson, A., Fox, K. J., Gamson, J., Gartrell, N., et al. (Eds.). (1991). Ethnography unbound: Power and resistance in the modern metropolis. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Burnham, J. (1987). How superstition won and science lost: Popularizing science and health in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Centre for Study of Environmental Change. (2001). Public attitudes to agricultural biotechnologies in Europe: Final report of PABE project. Lancaster: Centre for Study of Environmental Change, Lancaster University.
Department of Energy. (2003). Assessing models of public understanding in ELSI outreach material: Final report. U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-01ER63173.
309
DOE-ELSI. (2003). Ethical, legal, and social issues research: ELSI research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy—Abstracts from DOE Human Genome Program contractor–grantee workshops. Retrieved April 10, 2009, from www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/research/elsi.html.
Dornan, C. (1990). Some problems in conceptualizing the issue of “science and the media.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 7(1), 48–71.
Ellen, R. F., & Harris, H. J. (1996). Concepts of indigenous environmental know
ledge in scientific and development studies literature: A critical assessment. Retrieved 27 March, 2003, from http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Rainforest/SML_files/Occpap/indigknow.occpap_TOC.html.
ERPEG. (2000). The ELSI Research Planning and Evaluation Group (ERPEG) report. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from www.genome.gov/10001727.
Fessenden-Raden, J., Fitchen, J., & Heath, J. (1987). Providing risk information in communities: Factors influencing what is heard and accepted. Science, Technology & Human Values, 12(3/4), 94–101.
Grove-White, R., Macnaghten, P., Mayer, S., & Wynne, B. (1997). Uncertain world: Genetically modified organisms, food and public attitudes in Britain (in association with Unilever). Lancaster: IEPPP, Lancaster University.
Hamlett, P. W. (2002). Technology theory and deliberative democracy. Science, Technology & Human Values, 28(1), 112–140.
Hilgartner, S. (1990). The dominant view of popularization: Conceptual problems, political uses. Social Studies of Science, 20(3), 519–539.
Ho, S., Brossard, D., & Scheufele, D. (2008). Effects of value predispositions, mass media and knowledge on public attitudes toward embryonic stem cell research. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 20(2), 171–192.
House of Lords. (2000). Science and society. London: House of Lords.
Human Genome Project. (2003). Human Genome Project information, ethical, legal and social issues. Retrieved March 27, 2003, from www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/research/elsi.html.
International Science Shop Network. (2003). Living knowledge: Building partnerships for public access to research. Retrieved March 27, 2003, from www.scienceshops.org.
Irwin, A. (2001). Constructing the scientific citizen: Science and democracy in the biosciences. Public Understanding of Science, 10(1), 1–18.
Irwin, A., & Wynne, B. (Eds.). (1996). Misunderstanding science? The public reconstruction of science and technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jasanoff, S. (1997). Civilization and madness: The great BSE scare of 1996. Public Understanding of Science, 6(3), 221–232.
310
Kasperson, R. E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H. S., Emel, J., Goble, R., et al. (1988). The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 8, 177–187.
Krimsky, S., & Plough, A. (1988). Environmental hazards: Communicating as a social process. Dover, MA: Auburn House.
Labinger, J. A., & Collins, H. M. (2001). The one culture? A conversation about science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
LaFollette, M. C. (1990). Making science our own: Public images of science, 1910–1955. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Leech, B. L. (2002). Asking questions: Techniques for semi-structured interviews. Political Science and Politics, 35(4), 665–668.
Lewenstein, B. V. (1992). The meaning of “public understanding of science” in the United States after World War II. Public Understanding of Science, 1(1), 45–68.
Lewenstein, B. V. (2003). Popularization. In J. L. Heilbron (Ed.), Oxford companion to history of modern science. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
McComas, K. (2001). Theory and practice of public meetings. Communication Theory, 11, 36–55.
Miller, J. D. (1983a). The American people and science policy: The role of public attitudes in the policy process. New York: Pergamon Press.
Miller, J. D. (1983b). Scientific literacy: A conceptual and empirical review. Daedalus, 112(2), 29–48.
Miller, S. (2001). Public understanding of science at the crossroads. Public Understanding of Science, 10(1), 115–120.
National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on Risk Perception and Communication. (1989). Improving risk communication. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
National Science Board. (1991). Public science literacy and attitudes towards science and technology. In National Science Board (Ed.), Science & engineering indicators—1991 (pp. 165–191). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (1993). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In National Science Board (Ed.), Science & engineering indicators—1993 (pp. 193–215). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (1996). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science & engineering indicators—1996 (chapter 7). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
311
National Science Board. (1998). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science & engineering indicators—1998 (chapter 7). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (2000). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science & engineering indicators—2000 (chapter 8). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Science Board. (2002). Science and technology: Public attitudes and public understanding. In Science & engineering indicators—2002 (chapter 7). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Office of Science and Technology, & Wellcome Trust. (2000). Science and the public: A review of science communication and public attitudes to science in Britain (Vol. 2001). London: Wellcome Trust.
PBS. (2009). PBS 2001–2002 season celebrated the diversity of America. Retrieved January 5, 2009, from www.pbs.org/aboutpbs/news/20010816_diversity.html.
Royal Society. (1985). The public understanding of science. London: Royal Society.
Schiele, B. (Ed.). (1994). When science becomes culture: World survey of scientific culture (Proceedings I). Boucherville, Quebec: University of Ottawa Press.
Sclove, R. (1995). Democracy and technology. New York: Guilford.
Slovic, P. (1987, April 17). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280–285.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded Theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2006). Hispanic population of the United States. Retrieved October 16, 2008, from www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hispanic/hispanic.html.
U.S. Department of Energy. (2008). Human genome information. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml.
U.S. National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform—A report to the nation and the Secretary of Education, United States Department of Education. Washington, DC: The Commission.
Wachelder, J. (2003). Democratizing science: Various routes and visions of Dutch Science Shops. Science, Technology & Human Values, 28(2), 244–273.
Wynne, B. (1989). Sheep farming after Chernobyl: A case study in communicating scientific information. Environment Magazine, 31(2), 10–15, 33–39.
Wynne, B. (1995). Public understanding of science. In S. Jasanoff, G. E. Markle,
312
J. C. Petersen, & T. Pinch (Eds.), Handbook of science and technology studies (pp. 361–388). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wynne, B. (1996). May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert–lay knowledge divide. In S. Lash, B. Szerszynski, & B. Wynne (Eds.), Risk, environment and modernity: Towards a new ecology (pp. 44–83). London: Sage.
Ziman, J. (1991). Public understanding of science. Science, Technology & Human Values, 16(1), 99–105.
Ziman, J. (1992). Not knowing, needing to know, and wanting to know. In B. V. Lewenstein (Ed.), When science meets the public (pp. 13–20). Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
488_01_Communicating.indd 39 9/7/09 13:02:20