Association for Popularization of and Science Popularizers
Reza
Mansouri
Professor, Sharif University Technology
author
text
article
2016
per
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
5
6
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88451_20f119b02e88cd0e3a96e3c4ec076509.pdf
A Study on the Scientific Norms and Theoretical Explanation of Deviation from the Norms
Samaneh
Eskandary
MA. in Sociology
author
text
article
2016
per
The institution of science like other institutions involves social values,social norms, and social roles. The normative structure of science causesoccurrence or identifying scientific deviations. This paper plans to study thenorms of science and explain the deviation from them. This is a library anddocumentary research.
The present study shows that the four norms including universalism,communality, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism that functiontogether comprise the ethos in scientific fields. Moreover, this study showsthat different perspectives make mention of the engagement of derangedindividuals in scientific activities, the failure of personal and social controls,a disconnection between scientific community’s goals and the legitimatemeans to achieve them, and the industrialization of science by industry andacademic laboratories, as the most important factors that cause deviancyfrom the norms of science.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
7
13
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88452_fe27148bd370219c81ecfdb38c195c17.pdf
Exploring the Scientific Literacy: Its Use in Curriculum
of Science Education
Saber
Abdolmaleki
PhD Student of Curriculum Planning, Allameh Tabatabai University
author
Hasan
Maleki
Faculty Member, Curriculum Planning Department, Allameh Tabatabai
University
author
text
article
2016
per
Education and learning scientific literacy in students have become the universalgoal of science education. This study aims to explore the concept of scientific literacycurriculum to use in science education. The method of this research is qualitativeand is conducted based on analytic-deductive approach. In this article, at first theconcept of scientific literacy will be recognized from different perspectives then itsmeanings will briefly be studied and expressed. The preliminary discussion makesit clear that the concept of scientific literacy is one of the goals of science educationof the educational systems in the world, and obtaining a full understandingof its meaning is not an easy task. The exact and functional definition of scientificliteracy, considering its educational approach, pays attention to the nature of sciencetopics in every society and it is necessary to consider the structure, politics anddominant philosophy of community. In the following, through clarifying the conceptof scientific literacy, we state its dimensions and levels from the perspective ofexperts and organizations active in this field. The levels of scientific literacy showthat the nature of scientific literacy is a relative concept, not an absolute concept.And students could be rated from level of scientific illiteracy up to highest levelof scientific literacy. This topic presents a conceptual framework for curriculumspecialists in the science education curriculum design by providing the levels anddimensions of scientific literacy. In the last part of this article and as a conclusion,in addition to emphasizing the positions expressed on the concept of scientific literacy
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
15
39
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88454_30395b22a1285d9243946c28fd6ab7c5.pdf
Theory Building through Case Study
Mina
Ranjbarfard
Assistant Professor, Management Department, Alzahra University
author
text
article
2016
per
Theory building can provide an analytical framework, facilitate thedevelopment of a scientific discipline and is essential for solving the realworld problems. However, the ratio of theory building research is very smalland most of the researchers avoid doing this kind of research due to lackof enough knowledge about the theory building processes and especiallyabout the qualitative data analysis methods. This challenge has been proceedso that some internal referees are affected too and pay less attention to themanuscripts without numbers and statistical analysis. Understanding thisexisting research gap in the country, the author has written this paper whichis inferred from Eisenhardt`s method for hypothesis building. Eisenhardtgathered various pieces of theory building from related research and put themtogether for developing a roadmap. This road map has adapted a positivismapproach. This means that the process is designed so that can develop thetestable hypothesis and theory that could be extendable in various situations.This paper explains the stages of theory building through case study research,therefore it can be effective in eliminating the existing research gap in thisregard.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
41
57
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88456_3918a1b2015e9d4002baadb77fc678a3.pdf
New Indicators for Measuring the Societal Impact of Scientific
Publications: An Overview of Benefits and Disadvantages
Mehri
Sedighi
Faculty Member, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology
author
text
article
2016
per
Today, it is not clear how the impact of research on other areas of societythan science should be measured. While peer review and bibliometrics havebecome standard methods for measuring the impact of research in science,there is not yet an accepted framework to measure societal impact. Alternativemetrics (called altmetrics to distinguish them from bibliometrics) are consideredinteresting options for assessing the societal impact of research, as they offernew ways to measure (public) engagement with research output. Altmetrics isa term to describe web-based metrics for the impact of publications and otherscholarly materials by using data from social media platforms (e.g. Twitter orMendeley). This overview of studies explores the potential of altmetrics formeasuring societal impact. It deals with the definition and classification ofaltmetrics. Furthermore, their benefits and disadvantages for measuring theimpact are discussed.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
59
74
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88457_5b352ecbd0315681ffcaa067b8b20878.pdf
Developing Urban Agriculture Activities and Its Importance in the New Age
Kolsoum
Hamidi
PhD Student
Masters Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education,
University of Zanjan
author
Jafar
Yaghoubi
Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Zanjan.
author
text
article
2016
per
Today, the world is faced with main problems like increasing urbanpopulation, increasing demand for food, environmental degradation anddestruction of natural landscapes due to human impacts. The solution of theseproblems lies in the cities. The urban agriculture as a part of urban activitiescan be developed along with ecosystem consideration, food provision andcultural services. In addition, farming activities in urban areas provide othermultiple functions such as visual amenity, recreation facilities and hobby forurban dwellers, particularly children and old people. The purpose of this studyis to explain the concept of urban agriculture and identifying its advantagesand areas. This research has been conducted through a review of literatureand documents. The results showed that urban agriculture is expanding andhas a lot of quantitative and qualitative advantages for urban communitiesand these advantages can be found in economic, social and environmentaldimensions that finally leading to sustainable urban development. Also, thestudies show that the scope of urban agriculture continues to expand accordingto the new lifestyles, high compactness of cities and development of livingin apartment, the domain of urban agriculture activities are developing andthey appears in the new forms like vertical farms, green roofs, green walls.Factors such as further research, people participation, government supportsand cooperation between experts of different sciences lead to systemicdevelopment of urban agriculture.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
75
83
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88458_8db56b65546e81bee7c05ceedb4332ad.pdf
An Introduction to Competitive Intelligence
Hamid
Kazemi
Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of National Research Institute for
Science Policy
author
Afsaneh
Soltani
MA Student of Information and Knowledge of Science, Tehran University
author
Alireza
Noruzi
Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of Information and Knowledge of
Science Department
author
text
article
2016
per
Since many people have problem in understanding the concept of "competitiveintelligence", this study has been done to introduce and develop the conceptof competitive intelligence in companies and enterprises. Therefore, thisstudy will answer the fundamental questions such as; what is competitiveintelligence. What processes take place in it? And what tools and techniquesare used? Managers will be able to identify the strengths and weaknessesof competitors through the use of tools, methods and specific techniques ofcompetitive intelligence, and by taking the right decisions and strategies willbe able to stay ahead of their competitors.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
85
93
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88459_3f8116f261e433c1ccb37ce979e7f33c.pdf
10 Bizarre Scientific Photographs from the 19th Century
Setareh
Soheili
Researcher and Scientific Photographer
author
text
article
2016
per
All photographs from the 19th century are strange but some go way beyondthat. When photography arrived on the scene in the 1830s, scientists realizedit could reveal secrets from the invisible worlds of microscopic bacteria anddistant galaxies. Some believed the camera could go further and the surfaceimage alone would uncover information about the internal workings of thebody and the mind, even the moment of death. Forget post-mortem and spiritphotography, the most extreme photographs from the 19th century were takenby scientists asking serious questions about the nature of existence. Usually, itmeant a lot more than setting up a camera in front of a subject. They often hadto design and build their own equipment to take shots others considered technicallyimpossible. Sometimes, the results provided valuable information, inother cases their camera proved more important than the images produced andstill others were filed away, left for others to find and wonder what on earth thephotographers thought they were doing.
Popularization of Science
Iranian Association for Popularization of science
2251-9033
6
v.
2
no.
2016
95
106
https://www.popscijournal.ir/article_88460_923d36be77066e13ee1e00cf6b643075.pdf